Thursday, 12 June 2014

INDIA: CONFUSING ‘SONG OF DEBORAH’ TO ‘TAPS’


Unless you find beauty in walking away, you shouldn’t walk away from this beauty.
I clearly remember Modi’s swearing Assembly.. I was at work and everyone was going long and buying Calls; Nifty had closed at 7367 last trading day and opened at 7428; remained at 7400s and suddenly fell back to 7300s.
I was hoping a bullish trend like many others, now that Modi was officially our Prime Minister, but I returned to work next day to Nifty still at 7300s and difference of a billion traded shares (168599276 shares from 26th May’s 273236339).
If noticed, an all time high of Nifty (in its 7500s) and Sensex (in it’s 2500s) have only been witnessed on 16th May 2014 and 26th May 2014 (until 5th June 2014); Election Results Day (Modi’s victory) and Modi’s Swearing Assembly respectively.
It clearly is MODI WAVE! Known for his pro-business attitude, business-friendly policies, speedy clearances; He was everyone’s favourite horse to bet on, be it a Gujrati or a foreign analyst. Then why did the prices fall later?
Because everyone was booking profits.  So, would investors be tempted to book profits again and exit the markets?
Probably, but so what? Isn’t that what Stock Markets are all about? Buy and Sell, Long and Short, Call and Put? A fall (and rise) in market prices is as inevitable as the scorching June heat in North India and as routine as a January blizzard in Colorado. If you are prepared, it can’t hurt you. And when else must you buy stocks if not when prices drop? How else would one make gains?
Sensex and Nifty are the Indexes of the most famous Stock Exchanges of India – BSE and NSE respectively. The following Charts show us the current P/E Ratio of Indices, Nifty and Sensex. P/E Ratio is the price (in Rupees/Dollars) an investor is willing to spend for each rupee/dollar earned from the investment.

NIFTY P/E RATIO 2014

Date
P/E
P/B
Div Yield
Close
1 Apr '14
18.91
3.24
1.37
6,721.05
16 Apr '14
18.79
3.22
1.38
6675.3
23 Apr '14
19.2
3.3
1.34
6840.8
30 Apr '14
18.79
3.23
1.37
6696.4
07 May '14
18.56
3.18
1.43
6652.55
30 May '14
19.82
3.43
1.34
7229.95
2 June '14
20.27
3.5
1.31
7362.5
10 June '14
20.86
3.62
1.26
7656.4
(Source: http://www.bseindia.com/)

Currently, markets are behaving like an ocean on a full moon night taking both the small boats and the ships, to the top of its tides. With Sensex at it’s current P/E Ratio of 18 and Nifty at it’s current P/E Ratio of 19(average), is definitely a country and an ocean away from “cheap”.
Credit Suisse’s Robert Parker thinks going long India (and short China) was a good investment decision as the markets were cheap yesteryear; now markets appear expensive, slightly over-bought and up by 20%, which is when investors would want to book profits.
Whether over-valued or not, investors apparently are willing to pay more expecting the market to outperform, causing the P/E Ratio to have moved up 16 times from last year (Sensex). Nevertheless, India definitely has, very proudly, managed to take off it’s tag of “Emerging Markets”, “Fragile 5” and other Acronyms like BRICS while riding the bulls.

 (Source: SeekingAlpha.com )

The following Comparison Chart shows India (INP) outperforming all other “Fragile 5” economies and iShares Russell 2000 Index Fund (IWM); where INP- India, EZA – South Africa, IWM – USA, EWZ – Brazil, TUR – Turkey, EIDO – Indonesia.


Indian Rupee (INR) has trekked the top of the mountain from its spot of World’s weakest currency last August against the dollar (USD/INR – Rs 69) to a very stable and consistent USD/INR Rs 59 for some time now. GDP Growth is presently at 4.6%. WPI is at 5.2%,
Raised interest rates, a dollar-swap program, narrowed CAD, whether that was due to more demand in exports from a fallen Rupee or/and due to oil and gold import curbs imposed by the Government, a pro-business ruling party, easing inflation and a stable currency have resulted in attracting money through FIIs, and helped our markets to rise.

Year
GDP
USD/INR
CAD
1999
8
45.9
-4.1
2000
4.15
45.7
-2.7
2001
5.39
47.7
3.4
2002
3.88
48.4
6.3
2003
7.97
45.9
14.1
2004
7.05
45
-2.5
2005
9.48
44.3
-9.9
2006
9.57
45.2
-9.6
2007
9.32
40.2
-15.7
2008
6.72
46
-27.9
2009
8.59
47.4
-38.2
2010
8.91
45.6
-45.9
2011
6.69
48.1
-78.2
2012
4.47
54
-88.2
2013
4.86
61.5
-36.8
(Source: CSO, RBI, EAC to PM, Ministry of Finance

Enthusiasm has returned to India, with a lot of NaMo slogans and bulls. If this is not the time to go long, then you could be waiting on snowflakes, just to realise the window was shut.
Pessimists might worry about investors’ exit, but that’s the thing about Stock Market.. it’s a Zero-sum game. Someone’s loss is equaled by someone’s gain. Just as a longer winter in the hilly terrain upsets farmers; thrills Hotel industry.
Depreciated INR results in a happy exporter, a rapturous expat; meanwhile vexes citizens planning trip/studies abroad, importers, etc.
Nevertheless, India (along with a few other “Emerging markets”) has proved every short-EEM and catchy Acronyms lover to be someone who was listening to a “Song of Deborah” and condescendingly kept judging it as a tune of “Taps”.

Monday, 26 May 2014

Who made CAD the enemy?



Alright so I got a job as a Sell-side Analyst... Miles to go from here. It is what I wanted, I just wanted to get in, and I am still not happy as I know there is so much more to achieve now.. Least I got in.

Anyway, now that I am reading Fundamental, PESTEL, PORTER, SWOT Analysis of companies.. I figured something.
They say a country's Inflation Rate, CAD, Interest Rates affect a country's GDP. Well, true.
But how true is Trade Deficits / Current Account Deficits (CAD) are bad news for a country's economy?

I believed India's currency was stable AFTER we got a grip of our CAD in 2014 by narrowing down oil imports worth billions (As in Aug 2013, USD/INR went to a whooping USD 1/ Rs 69 ).
But then is it the CAD affecting our economy, GDP, Exchange rate? Or is it other factors like Political Stability (Modi Wave for instance), Interest Rates and FIIs?

Investments in Stock Market by FIIS definitely helped our markets to rise... Did they invest because they would have made more money in the exchange or did they do so because they realized it was not one of the "Fragile 5" anymore? Either way, the more FIIs (for any reason) = the more demand for INR; the more demand, that boosts the currency.

What are Current Account Deficits?
Difference between a country's exports and imports. If the country has spent more on Imports than earned on Exports, it's called a deficit; and if a country has generated more revenue from Exports, it is called Surplus.

LOGIC 1:
It definitely makes sense that the more money earned is better than more money spent. How logical is it to spend 400 dollars when you are earning 120? How beneficial is it anyway? How can it strengthen you economically? Of course not. 

LOGIC 2:
But what if the country is dependent on imports? Or what if consumers want to enjoy the imported food, cars, etc? It means we have reached higher quality of living than before! It also means we are losing jobs to foreigners as we are buying foreign products, and unknowingly increasing denand for their workers. CAD could be a good thing if we are borrowing capital/monetary benefits or anything that is expensive in our country (or even non existent!)

Take for eg, borrowing heaps of money from a country with lower interest rate than yours, Also hedging foreign Exchange Rate (to pay back), for a very beneficial investment that you know shall pay double (or more) the time?! 

Look at the chart below and watch the numbers fail LOGIC 1:
Year

GDP

USD/INR
CAD
1999

8

45.9
-4.1
2000

4.15

45.7
-2.7
2001

5.39

47.7
3.4
2002

3.88

48.4
6.3
2003

7.97

45.9
14.1
2004

7.05

45
-2.5
2005

9.48

44.3
-9.9
2006

9.57

45.2
-9.6
2007

9.32

40.2
-15.7
2008

6.72

46
-27.9
2009

8.59

47.4
-38.2
2010

8.91

45.6
-45.9
2011

6.69

48.1
-78.2
2012

4.47

54
-88.2
2013

4.86

61.5
-36.8
(Source: CSO, RBI, EAC to PM, Ministry of Finance
http://planningcommission.nic.in/data/datatable/1203/table_1.pdf)

Take for eg, 2011 - massive Trade deficit of 78.2, yet better GDP than 4.1 deficit of 1999, 6.3 surplus of 2002, 36.8 deficit of 2013, etc.
Massive CAD, yet better and stronger USD/INR exchange rate of USD1/INR48 than a plummeting exchange rate witnessed in 2013 (where it even dropped to a USD/INR 69).



Let's also take US, for example, whose economy is highly dependent on Imports:

Figure 1: U.S. Trade Deficit Vs. GDP (1980-2007)
Year
Trade Deficit
GDP
Year
Trade Deficit
GDP
1980
-19
5,161.7
1994
-98
7,835.5
1981
-16
5,291.7
1995
-96
8,031.7
1982
-24
5,189.3
1996
-104
8,328.9
1983
-57
5,423.8
1997
-108
8,703.5
1984
-109
5,813.6
1998
-166
9,066.9
1985
-121
6,053.7
1999
-265
9,470.3
1986
-138
6,263.6
2000
-379
9,817.0
1987
-151
6,475.1
2001
-365
9,890.7
1988
-114
6,742.7
2002
-423
10,048.8
1989
-93
6,981.4
2003
-496
10,301.0
1990
-80
7,112.5
2004
-607
10,675.8
1991
-31
7,100.5
2005
-711
11,003.4
1992
-39
7,336.6
2006
-753
11,319.4
1993
-70
7,532.7
2007
-700
11,566.8
Source: U.S. Census Bureau

CONCLUSION:

CAD maybe does not solely affect the GDP, but a weaker currency (INR) definitely affects CAD.
For eg, when Rupee falls, the same volume of goods require more INR than they were before (due to Exchange Rate volatility). More money spent (than before) on purchases than money received on exports = Trade deficit!
Only solution is either we cut down our Imported necessities, or produce more to export..